Australian farm productivity has experienced a marked decline, with current annual productivity levels estimated to be only a quarter of those recorded several decades ago. This trend has raised concerns among industry experts and farmers, who warn that the sector, once considered a global leader, may fall behind international competitors if the situation persists. Despite reports of high crop yields in recent years, specialists caution that these figures mask deeper structural challenges, including rising input costs, climate variability, and regulatory constraints. In response, national farming organizations and agricultural economists are calling for comprehensive policy reforms across multiple sectors, including water management, land use, research and development, and trade policy. The aim is to address the root causes of declining productivity and ensure the long-term sustainability and competitiveness of Australian agriculture. The issue has gained attention from policymakers and stakeholders, who are evaluating potential strategies to reverse the downward trend and support farmers facing increasing pressures.